The Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2024 has been announced. This year 3 scientists have received this award. Including American scientist David Baker, John Jumper and British scientist Demis Hassabis. The prize is divided into two parts. The first part went to David Baker, who created a new type of protein.
Protein design is a technique in which proteins are designed with new properties by altering the protein structure. This helps in making medicines and vaccines. Another part of the prize went to Demis and John Jumper, who created an AI model to help understand the structure of complex proteins.
Three scientists have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discoveries related to proteins, the chemical tools of the human body.
New proteins are being used in drug-vaccines
Protein works like a chemical tool for the human body. It controls all the chemical reactions in the body which are the basis of human life. Protein is made up of about 20 different amino acids. In 2003, David Baker created a new type of protein using this amino acid. It is used in many vaccines and medicines.
AI model AlphaFold helped understand antibiotics
In another discovery, an AI model was created to understand protein structure. In fact, the amino acids in proteins are linked together in long strings that form a 3D structure. Since the 1970s, scientists have been trying to understand the structure of proteins based on amino acids, but they have not succeeded.
In the year 2020, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper created the AI model AlphaFold 2. With its help, scientists were able to understand the structure of virtually all 200 million proteins. Today the Alphafold model is used by nearly 2 million people in 190 countries. Understanding the structure of proteins has helped scientists better understand antibiotics and create enzymes that break down plastic.
Nobel Prize in Physics and Medicine for 2024
The announcement of Nobel Prize 2024 winners began on Monday, October 7. On the first day, Victor Ambrose and Gary Ruvkon were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine. He was awarded for the discovery of micro RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Following this, the Nobel Prize in Physics was announced on Tuesday. The award was given to Jeffrey E., known as the godfather of AI. Hinton and American scientist John J. was given to Hopefield. He has been awarded this honor for his development of new techniques related to machine learning which is based on artificial neurons. The Nobel Prize distribution will continue till October 14.
Scientist to win 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The 2023 Chemistry Nobel Prize was won by Maungi Bawendi, Louis Bruce, Alexey Akimov. All three are chemists of American origin. He received this honor for the discovery and development of quantum dots, which are so small that their properties are determined.
Quantum dots are used today to illuminate computer monitors, mobile phones and television screens. It uses QLED technology.
Venkataraman Ramakrishnan of Indian origin won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry Venkataraman Ramakrishnan, one of the most distinguished scientists of Indian origin, received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in the field of molecular biology. In 2000, he mapped the structure of the ribosome, made up of hundreds of thousands of molecules, using a technique called X-ray crystallography. This helped a lot in making antibiotics.
Large and complex protein molecules manage all body functions of any organism. This is done in the ribosomes of the cell. Their genetic information is translated from RNA to amino acid chains. This then makes proteins. Using this principle, he created the structure of the ribosome by X-ray crystallography.
Venkataraman Ramakrishnan, 72, of Indian origin lives in the UK. He has citizenship of USA and UK. He has done a lot of work in bio-physics and bio-chemistry.
Venkataraman was born in 1952 in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu. He studied science in America and Britain. Besides the Nobel Prize, Venkataraman was also awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2010. He was chosen for a knighthood in the 2012 New Year Honors List.
Polonium was present in the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, the scientist who discovered it won the Nobel Prize Born in Poland, Marie Curie made many scientific discoveries in physics and chemistry with her husband Pierre Curie. In 1898, the discovery of two new elements, radium and polonium, was announced. It was a difficult task for Mary to isolate pure samples of these elements. It took four years to extract 1 decigram of radium chloride from several tons of raw ore.
In 1911, Curie received the second Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of radium and polonium. A few years after Marie Curie was honored, America dropped atomic bombs on two Japanese cities. Polonium was also the main element in the detonator of the bomb dropped on Nagasaki. However, Curie was not involved in the atomic bomb project.
Marie Curie worked with her husband Pierre Curie on radium and polonium. Mary also won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903.
The inventor of the lithium battery was the oldest winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry The oldest ever Nobel Laureate, John B. good Goodenough was 97 when he was awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was also the oldest winner to be honored in any Nobel Prize field.
John Goodenough died on 25 June 2023. He was born on 25 July 1922 in Germany. Even at the age of 100, John was active in the field of science.
In 1980, John Goodenough developed a lithium battery with a cobalt oxide cathode. Lithium ions can be deposited at the molecular level in the cobalt oxide cathode. This cathode delivers a higher voltage than previous batteries. Goodenough's contribution to the development of lithium-ion batteries was important. Today it is used in everything from mobile phones to electric cars.
Know about Nobel Prize… On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament. Along with this, he gave the largest part of his will to the category of awards, the Nobel Prize. Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of physiology, medicine, physics, chemistry, literature, peace and economic sciences.
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