Today on November 14, 'World Diabetes Day' is celebrated. Nowadays, the incidence of diabetes is increasing among young children and youth, now most of the people believe that 'If I don't eat, I won't get diabetes by any means, but if someone in the family has diabetes and even if you don't eat and live a healthy lifestyle, you can get diabetes.' These are the words of well-known diabetologist and endocrinologist Dr. Ahmedabad. Ramesh Goel's.
If we talk about Gujarat, the lifestyle of today's youth is responsible for diabetes, and 'I have no symptoms of diabetes so I don't need medicine', the biggest reason for this ignorance is lack of awareness. Because, we don't conduct the test at the right time. But diabetes is a silent killer, if the sugar remains high in the blood, it is slowly damaging the patient's body organs.
On the occasion of 'World Diabetes Day', 'Frontpage Insights' Ape Dr. Talked to Ramesh Goyal and Dr. Mokshit Shah about everything from the types of diabetes to the myths associated with it.
What is diabetes in simple language? If the blood glucose level is consistently higher than the required normal level due to the inability to digest the glucose in the blood, it is called diabetes mellitus. This inability is caused by insufficient insulin secretion or defective insulin action, in some cases both causes are responsible.
Types of diabetes
- Type 1 diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes
Types of insulin injections
- Long acting insulin that acts for 24 hours
- Short-acting insulin that works for 4 to 6 hours
First of all know about type 1 diabetes..
According to Dr. Ramesh Goyal Type-1 diabetes usually occurs at a young age in children and young people under the age of 20 and this diabetes occurs due to natural causes, when the body's production of insulin decreases or stops. Insulin is a type of hormone, which helps in the absorption of sugar in the blood. Its deficiency can cause diabetes. Since this diabetes occurs in children and young adults, it is called juvenile diabetes. And in type 1 diabetes, it becomes necessary to take insulin injections because the common medicine does not affect these patients.
Children with type 1 diabetes whose medications do not work are given long-acting insulin once a day, and they need to take a dose of short-acting insulin whenever they eat anything.
Type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes usually occurs in people over the age of 40, this diabetes is thought to be hereditary and a problem related to lifestyle, diet and obesity. While this type of diabetes can be brought under control by medication, recently speaking, type 2 diabetes is also seen in young people and children. Patients with type 2 diabetes are given long-acting insulin once a day along with medication.
What is pre-diabetic? If the blood glucose level is higher than normal but has not reached the level of diabetes, it is called 'pre-diabetes'. This is borderline condition. Since pre-diabetes have high blood sugar levels, pre-diabetics should reduce carbohydrates by 30 percent from their diet. Carbohydrates are not necessary for the diet, but protein and fat are. Physical activity is very important for these patients. Walk 1000 steps and do yoga for 45 minutes every day.
What causes diabetes in children? Type-1 diabetes is mostly seen in children, which we can call an autoimmune disease. When the cells that are provided for immunity inside our body mistakenly kill the cells in our own body, it is called auto immune disease. Type-1 diabetes is also an autoimmune disease. Auto-immunity is on the rise, hence the prevalence of this disease, and obesity, junk food and poor lifestyle are the main causes of diabetes in children.
What are the symptoms of diabetes? Early diagnosis of diabetes is very difficult. In 70% of cases, its symptoms are rarely visible. In the remaining 30% of cases, it can be recognized by some symptoms that diabetes is present or about to develop or pre-diabetes is present.
When is sugar normal? A person who has been fasting for 8 to 12 hours has a glucose level of 70-100 mg/dL, which is called fasting blood sugar. In common parlance, what we would call a two-hour post-meal blood sugar is below 140. In a person suffering from diabetes, this ratio becomes more than 126 and 200 respectively.
Apart from this, HbA1C – glycosylated hemoglobin can also be used to diagnose diabetes. Hemoglobin should be 13 mg/dL in men and 12 mg/dL in women; If more than 6.5 percent of the total hemoglobin is of the HbA1C type, then the person can be called diabetic. The HbA1C test gives an estimate of a person's average glucose level over the past three months. This helps in fluctuating the patient's medication dosage.
What causes diabetes? Dr. According to Mokshit Shah, generally speaking, Gujarat can truly be called the diabetes capital of the world. We have the highest number of patients. The main reason behind the development of diabetes is our sedentary life, obesity, weight gain, obesity, too much carbohydrate in food etc. Sweetness in food All of these things have led to a steady rise in the number of diabetes cases in the country, along with people exercising too little, all of which are responsible for diabetes.
The connection between stress and diabetes Dr. Mokshit Shah says that the biggest cause of diabetes is mental stress. With the passage of time, the amount of stress in people has increased a lot. This stress is disrupting the body's metabolism and has the opposite effect. Explaining this, he says that it is more dangerous to be angry once than to eat a rose.
When the body is under stress, it releases stress hormones. These hormones are responsible for increasing glucose levels, as the body is in “fight-or-flight” mode. In these circumstances heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels may increase, as the body releases more glucose for more energy.
As these hormones continue to rise in levels due to long-term stress, they can lead to blood sugar instability and long-term type 2 diabetes. Mental stress can make blood sugar control difficult, even for people with type 1 diabetes.
Can diabetes be cured? Reverse can be Diabetes cannot be completely cured, but in some cases it can be reversed, especially in type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, lifestyle changes and a healthy diet, exercise, and weight control can keep blood sugar under control for a long time, and sometimes reach a level where the patient does not need medication.
Care to be taken by a diabetic person
- Maintaining regularity regarding medicines given by doctors.
- Eat a diet that is low in calories, low in fat and high in fiber.
- Regular exercise, such as brisk walking for 30 minutes five days a week
- Periodically measure blood glucose levels.
- Getting HbA1C levels checked two to three times a year.
- Diabetic side effects are diagnosed and treated. (such as annual eye, kidney and vein tests)
- Blood pressure measurement once in three months.
- Get a lipid profile done once a year.
- Psychiatric and social care and nursing
How can people without diabetes keep diabetes at bay? People who do not have diabetes, if they have a stomach bug or are overweight, it is very important for them to maintain their lifestyle. They should exercise regularly and keep their weight under control. One can stay away from diabetes by making a proper diet plan and people who have diabetes have to take care of all these things, but along with that keep taking regular medicine. Monitoring for other diseases and good control of diet is essential.
For people with diabetes Sugar free Or use artificial sweeteners that are generally considered safe, and may satisfy their cravings. These sweeteners do not contain the same calories and carbohydrates as sugar, and they do not immediately affect blood sugar levels, making them a good option for diabetics. But artificial sweeteners should be used in moderation or avoided.
Any advanced technology invented for patients? Insulin pumps have started to be available for type-1 patients, in which insulin can be given through the pump. The patient can measure himself. As the amount of sugar increases, the amount of medicine increases and as the amount of sugar decreases, the amount of medicine decreases. This discovery is a great blessing for Type-1. New drugs and devices for type-1 are off-patent which are very cheap, which helps a lot in saving kidney and heart of patients.
How should a healthy lifestyle be? A healthy lifestyle should include a well-balanced healthy diet. Your diet should contain protein, fiber and healthy fats. Add 25 to 30 grams of dietary fiber daily. A good amount of protein should be taken. Stay away from fried and junk food. And 45 minutes of daily walking or any kind of exercise should be done to stay healthy and most importantly prevent weight gain. If the weight increases, the chances of diabetes will also increase.
Misconceptions about diabetes Dr. Ramesh Goyal said that now people usually say that I don't have any symptoms of diabetes so there is no need for medicine, but diabetes is a silent killer if the sugar is high in the blood then it is slowly damaging the organs of the patient's body. is
Another misconception is that if no one in my family has diabetes then I won't get it, dispel this myth by saying that if no one in the family has diabetes but your bad lifestyle and mental stress are likely to lead to diabetes.
Another misconception is that if I don't eat, I will not get diabetes, but if someone in the family has diabetes and even if you don't eat and live a healthy lifestyle, you can get diabetes.
Diabetic patients sometimes feel that now that the doctor has given insulin injections, therefore the end of my life is near, they should avoid such misconceptions, many times insulin injections are stopped in type 2 diabetes. Insulin does not cause any side effects in the body.
Image Credit: (Divya-Bhaskar): Images/graphics belong to (Divya-Bhaskar).
