For the second time since 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) on Wednesday raised the maximum alert by declaring Mpox a global health emergency, as 14,000 cases and 524 deaths have been reported in Africa with the potential to reach other continents.
What is Mpox?
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus, which is part of the same family as smallpox.
Originally identified in monkeys, the disease can infect various animals and humans.
Although historically rare, recent outbreaks have demonstrated its potential for widespread transmission.
Although generally less severe than smallpox, MPOX can still pose significant health risks, particularly to vulnerable populations.
Global increase in cases
Between January and July 2024, approximately 14,500 cases of MPOX and more than 450 related deaths have been reported, according to the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
This represents a 160% increase in infections and a 19% increase in mortality compared to the same period in 2023.
Although the Democratic Republic of the Congo accounts for 96% of these cases, the disease has also spread to other nearby nations, including Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda, where it is not usually endemic.
How does Mpox spread?
Mpox is transmitted primarily through close contact with an infected person or animal.
Transmission can occur through direct contact with skin lesions or body fluids, respiratory droplets from close or prolonged exposure, and contaminated objects such as bedding or clothing.
Recognize the symptoms
Mpox symptoms may initially mimic those of other viral infections, but they generally progress through distinct stages.
Early signs include fever, headache, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes.
As the infection progresses, a rash appears that starts on the face and spreads to other parts of the body.
This rash develops into raised, fluid-filled blisters that eventually form crusts.
The disease can also cause fatigue, back pain, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea or vomiting.
Global health response
While MPOX remains a concern for global health officials, understanding its transmission and symptoms is crucial to managing and preventing its spread.
Public health measures, including awareness and early detection, are critical to controlling outbreaks.
Those who suspect infection or exposure to MPOX are urged to seek medical advice and follow recommended preventive measures.
Health authorities and the WHO continue to work to address this ongoing health challenge.
